What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the gums?

The condition characterized by the inflammation of the gums is gingivitis. Gingivitis is a form of periodontal disease specifically focused on the inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth, primarily the gums. It often results from the accumulation of plaque on the teeth, which leads to irritation of the gum tissue. Common signs of gingivitis include redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums, particularly when brushing or flossing.

In contrast, periodontitis is a more advanced form of gum disease that involves not only the inflammation of the gums but also the supporting structures of the teeth, including bone loss. Stomatitis refers to inflammation of the mucous membrane in the mouth, which can include various structures beyond just the gums. Halitosis is simply the term for bad breath and is not a condition characterized by inflammation. Therefore, the specific definition of gingivitis makes it the correct answer for this question.